Fuel weighs more on middle-income families

A study by the Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos reveals that the ISP burden is heavier on middle-income families compared to poorer ones, as the latter predominantly use public transport. The research highlights that the ISP, part of Special Consumption Taxes, disproportionately affects those with intermediate incomes who own cars. The study also notes that while lower-income families spend more on alcohol and tobacco, the impact of fuel taxes is more significant on middle-income households. Additionally, the report discusses the growing role of tax arbitration in resolving disputes, which now accounts for over a third of tax appeals, offering quicker resolutions than traditional courts.