Does testosterone level affect immunity?

Testosterone therapy may lower immunity, increasing infection risk, especially in the respiratory tract during autumn. Men using testosterone, whether for medical or doping purposes, should prioritize preventive measures. Testosterone supplementation is mainly recommended for men with hypogonadism, often linked to obesity, diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia. Free flu vaccinations are available for seniors, children, and pregnant women, while COVID-19 vaccinations are free for everyone from six months old. Doctors advise those on testosterone to be cautious and maintain hygiene to reduce infection risks.