Did everything depend on a single operator? The five layers of security that did not prevent the tragedy of Urda

On Wednesday, a malfunction in the LZB system halted trains on the Madrid-Sevilla line, successfully stopping six trains. However, shortly after, an AVE collided with a stationary Iryo train, resulting in 69 fatalities. Investigations are underway to determine if all safety protocols were followed. The LZB system, which monitors train speed and distance, was operational but failed to prevent the collision due to subsequent errors in protocol adherence. The BSL system, meant to manage traffic during failures, was not properly utilized, and the AVE was allowed to proceed at normal speed despite warnings. The investigation will focus on the decisions made by the control center and the communication failures that led to the tragedy.