Pensions under the pressure of populism. Economists: the retirement age must go up

European countries face challenges in pension systems due to aging populations and low birth rates. Poland's pension system, while stable, is burdened by costly privileges, particularly affecting women's retirement age and leading to social inequalities. Experts suggest that without raising the retirement age, the gap between men's and women's pensions will widen, potentially leading to a public finance crisis. Countries like Germany and France are considering reforms, but political will is lacking. Poland spends a significant portion of its GDP on pensions, and necessary reforms may only occur in response to a financial crisis.