Europe must finally hold Russia accountable for hybrid attacks

Europe has improved its recognition of hybrid threats but needs to enhance deterrence against Russia's aggressive tactics. Current responses to incidents are often fragmented, allowing Russia to exploit the situation. A more cohesive strategy is necessary, treating individual attacks as part of a larger campaign. Europe must prepare credible consequences for future aggressions, ensuring that Russia understands the potential costs of its actions. By improving intelligence coordination and accountability, Europe can make hostile operations more challenging for adversaries. Ultimately, the goal is to change Russia's calculations regarding the feasibility and consequences of its hybrid attacks.