From the Mecca defence pact to Tehran talks: Is the Middle East’s security landscape shifting?

Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey are engaging in talks with Iran to enhance regional security while maintaining military readiness through the Mecca Defence Alliance. Senior officials from these countries are meeting in Tehran to discuss cooperative security mechanisms amid ongoing tensions with the U.S. and threats from Houthi attacks. The Mecca Joint Defence Agreement, signed in August 2026, commits members to mutual defense, although officials assert it is not aimed specifically at Iran. The alliance faces its first major test due to escalating Houthi attacks, prompting discussions on rapid military deployment. Despite the focus on dialogue with Tehran, significant differences in security alignments remain, particularly with U.S. ties and NATO membership. The effectiveness of this dual approach in reducing regional tensions is yet to be determined.