First breakup of the polar vortex and nuclear lows. What does the long-term forecast say?

Weather patterns in Poland are expected to change significantly around November 10, with Atlantic storms taking control earlier than usual this year. These storms may lead to the formation of nuclear lows, which are extremely active air vortices. The article discusses atmospheric processes behind nuclear lows, the impact of ocean warming on European weather, and forecasts for precipitation and temperatures in the coming months. It also examines how El Niño and polar vortex disruptions could affect winter in Poland, along with historical storms that have reshaped the European coastline.