Polish cities are depopulating, and costs are rising. Local governments are in a financial trap

In the first half of 2026, Łódź lost over 3,100 residents, highlighting a broader trend of population decline in major Polish cities. Despite decreasing populations, cities must maintain extensive infrastructure and public housing, leading to increased financial burdens. For instance, Bełchatów saw a 15% population drop while its budget expenditures surged by over 172% since 2015. Projections suggest infrastructure costs for municipalities could rise significantly by 2060. Efforts to cut costs by reducing services may exacerbate the issue, as closing schools can accelerate resident outflow. Local governments face the challenge of adapting services to demographic changes while ensuring accessibility and planning for long-term infrastructure maintenance.