Chinese local governments run a fine-grained surveillance network in at least ninety countries

Chinese local governments have established a surveillance network in at least 90 countries to monitor Chinese citizens abroad. This network operates through associations and informants, undermining the sovereignty of host nations. Research by Safeguard Defenders reveals that these networks have expanded since 2022, functioning as 'connection points' rather than traditional police stations. The Chinese Communist Party's structure is mirrored in these operations, allowing local issues to be managed without higher-level intervention. The Federation of Chinese in Foreign Countries, under Xi Jinping's directive, coordinates these efforts, maintaining oversight on approximately 60 million Chinese expatriates. The report highlights the pervasive nature of transnational repression, affecting entire communities rather than just individuals.