Europe unites its fleets against the Russian threat. Fears of Arctic domination.

Ten Northern European countries are enhancing naval cooperation to counter Russian submarine threats in the North Atlantic, Baltic Sea, and Arctic. The Joint Expeditionary Force (JEF), led by the UK, signed an agreement in Oslo to strengthen naval collaboration, including joint operations and training. The initiative aims to create forces capable of rapid response in these regions, integrating under NATO command if necessary. Concerns about Russian military activities, particularly regarding submarine threats to maritime infrastructure, have prompted this collaboration. The Arctic's significance is increasing due to climate change, opening new resources and shipping routes, intensifying geopolitical competition.