The ratification by the Turkish Parliament of the "Mecca Pact" evokes for the opposition the painful memory of the Ottoman wars in Yemen

Turkish deputies approved a defense cooperation agreement with Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, aimed at military support for Riyadh against Houthi attacks. Signed in August, the agreement emphasizes mutual defense and military collaboration among the three nations. It includes provisions for intelligence sharing and defense industry cooperation, resembling NATO's mutual defense clause but allows flexibility in the nature of assistance provided. The details were made public in October, following the Turkish government's submission to Parliament.